Clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis are the most commonly used pathways for the internalization of cell membrane receptors. However, due to their dimensions are within the diffraction limit, traditional fluorescence microscopy cannot distinguish them and little is known about their interactions underneath cell membrane. In this study, we proposed the line-switching scanning imaging mode for dual-color triplet-state relaxation (T-Rex) stimulated emission depletion (STED) super-resolution microscopy. With this line-switching mode, the cross-talk between the two channels, the side effects from pulse picker and image drift in frame scanning mode can be effectively eliminated. The dual-color super-resolution imaging results in mixed fluorescent beads validated the excellent performance. With this super-resolution microscope, not only the ring-shaped structure of clathrin and caveolae endocytic vesicles, but also their semifused structures underneath the cell membrane were distinguished clearly. The resultant information will greatly facilitate the study of clathrin- and caveolae-mediated receptor endocytosis and signaling process and also our home-built dual-color T-Rex STED microscope with this lineswitching imaging mode provides a precise and convenient way to study subcellular-scale protein interactions.

介绍了四能级系统的受激辐射耗尽(STED)荧光显微镜的基本原理。按照时间顺序介绍了面包圈型耗尽光焦斑的实现方法。对于横向分辨率的改善，最初使用了光路偏移法，后来发展到均分相位板法，再到成熟的螺旋相位板法；另外还介绍了半波相位板法对轴向分辨率的改善。从宽带光源激发、连续光源激发、多色多通道、快速成像和双光子激发等方面综述了受激辐射耗尽荧光显微镜实验装置的逐步完善。最后展望了受激辐射耗尽荧光显微镜的发展前景。

通过四阶Runge-Kutta算法求解荧光介质的速率方程，详细分析了受激辐射耗尽(STED)显微镜的激发过程和耗尽过程中的荧光态分子数密度转移过程，得到了高斯时间脉冲激发光将基态荧光分子抽运到荧光态所用的时间与激发光强度的关系，得到了高斯时间脉冲耗尽光将荧光态分子经过受激辐射跃迁到基态所用时间与STED光强的关系，模拟了一个激发周期内的激发和耗尽过程，得到了STED显微镜激发光和耗尽光之间的最佳延迟时间，此模拟结果对实验装置参数设置有指导作用。

Robust non-intrusive eye location plays an important role in vision-based man-machine interaction. A modified Hausdor? distance based measure to localize the eyes is proposed, which could tolerate various changes in eye pose, shape, and scale. To eliminate the e?ects of the illumination variations, an 8-neighbour-based transformation of the gray images is proposed. The transformed image is less sensitive to illumination changes while preserves the appearance information of eyes. All the localized candidates of eyes are identified by back-propagation neural networks. Experiments demonstrate that the robust method for eye location is able to localize eyes with di?erent eye sizes, shapes, and poses under different illuminations.

文章利用入射线偏振光在柱坐标系下对椭圆光波导进行了严格求解，得到了模场的精确解析解，导出了模式特征方程。光只在长轴方向的子午面内单模传播时，即可实现单模单偏振传输。在给定相同条件下单模传输时，与圆形光波导相比，椭圆光波导传播常数变化很小。文章还简要分析了波长、椭圆率和相对折射率差对传播常数的影响。

提出了一种实现高非线性光子晶体光纤(PCF)的新方法,即在空芯光子晶体光纤(HC-PCF)的纤芯空气孔中填充高折射率、高非线性折射率的液态物质三氯甲烷、甲苯、二硫化碳等。利用全矢量有限元方法分析了这种液芯光子晶体光纤的模式分布及色散性质,分析得出其零色散波长可在800 nm左右调节,因此可使中心波长800 nm的钛宝石飞秒脉冲激光在这种光子晶体光纤的反常色散区传输,有利于超连续谱的产生。而且由于填充后光子晶体光纤具有较高的非线性系数,较小功率的脉冲激光就可在几毫米长的这种液芯光子晶体光纤中得到频谱范围大于1000 nm的超连续谱。

The spectroscopic data recorded by dispersion spectrophotometer are usually degraded by the response function of the instrument. To improve the resolving power, double or triple cascade spectrophotometer and narrow slits have been employed, but the total flux of the radiation decreases accordingly, resulting in a lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and a longer measuring time. However, the spectral resolution can be improved by mathematically removing the effect of the instrument response function. Based on the Shalvi-Weinstein criterion, a Gauss-Newton based kurtosis blind deconvolution algorithm for spectroscopic data is proposed. Experiments with some real measured Raman spectroscopic data show that this algorithm has excellent deconvolution capability.

A constrained high-order statistical algorithm is proposed to blindly deconvolute the measured spectral data and estimate the response function of the instruments simultaneously. In this algorithm, no prior-knowledge is necessary except a proper length of the unit-impulse response. This length can be easily set to be the width of the narrowest spectral line by observing the measured data. The feasibility of this method has been demonstrated experimentally by the measured Raman and absorption spectral data.